Human papillomavirus: typing and genotyping

Medicine already knows more than 120 types of HPV and uses various methods to classify them. Based on the results of the large-scale screening study, a summary table of the main virus types is summarized:

symptom	A kind
skin:
Plantar wart	1 2 4
Common wart	2, 4, 26, 27, 29, 57
Flat warts	3, 10, 28, 49
Butcher's Wart	7
Epidermal hyperplastic warts	5, 8, 9, 10, 12, 15, 19, 36
Non-verrucous skin lesions	37, 38
Genital mucosa:
Condyloma acuminatum	6, 11, 42, 43, 44, 54
Non-lymph node enlargement	6, 11, 16, 18, 30, 31, 33, 34, 35, 39, 40, 42, 43, 51, 52, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 61, 64, 67, 68, 69, 70
cancer	16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 54, 56, 66, 68
Mucosal lesions instead of genital lesions:
Laryngeal Papilloma	6, 11, 30
Neck and tongue cancer	2, 6, 11, 16, 18, 30

According to the risk of the tumor, the location and shape of the skin growth classify all tumors.

1. Localization of infection: α-affects the mucous membranes of male and female reproductive organs, manifested as con-conduct. Beta-Affects the surface layer of the epidermis, which shows a typical wart-like appearance.
2. The genotype of the virus determines its carcinogenic potential, that is, the ability to cause tumor degeneration in the infected tissue. Genotyping distinguishes the following types of infections by carcinogenic risk: low-risk-6, 11, 42, 43, 43, 44, 53, 55. Intermediate-30, 31, 33, 35, 39, 51, 52, 58, 66 high rice -16, 18, 45, 56
3. The form of skin tumors. Papilloma is divided into five main categories. Simple growth is the most common type of growth. As it developed, warm-colored keratinized nodules were formed. The warts are distributed on the skin individually or in groups. It is most common on the inside and outside of the hand, which is the lower part of the face (lips, chin). There is also growth on the soles of the feet. Flat-dark, looks like small clumps on the skin. Usually, they appear on the upper part of the body, and rarely on the genitals. Many times, they will feel their immune system failure in their neck and arms during adolescence. Condyloma acuminata affects the mucous membrane and belongs to the risk category of cancer. Filamentous-headscarf or senile papilloma occur in middle-aged and elderly people. Internal mole-confined to internal organs. This category includes cons on the walls of the stomach and rectum, and growth processes in the mouth and bladder.

The methods of diagnosis, treatment and prevention depend on the type of tumor detected.

High-risk human papillomavirus

HPV is one of the most common viruses. In most cases, infection occurs through sexual contact and family contact. For many years, the virus can remain dormant and will not show itself. It can be activated by many factors, such as a weakened immune system or chronic diseases.

The high-risk human papillomavirus is particularly dangerous. This category includes:

• Average carcinogenicity -30, 31, 33, 35, 39, 51, 52, 58, 66
• Highly carcinogenic -16, 18, 45, 56, 59, 68.

Carcinogenic human papillomavirus

Carcinogenic HPV is a serious danger, that is, a virus that can cause malignant degeneration of healthy cells. People at risk include the following genotypes: 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 45, 68, 56, 58, 39, 70. They significantly increase the likelihood of cancers of the genitals, uterus, anus, and urethra.

The carcinogenic virus manifests itself as genital warts. Their appearance is a signal to seek medical help and remove tumors.

Human papillomavirus 1

This infectious disease causes the development of heels and common warts. Usually, with this papillomavirus, deep lesions will appear on the feet, causing discomfort and pain to the wearer. The bump can be formed on the back of the hand and the chin. In some cases, they can appear on the eyelids, scalp, fingers and toes.

The carcinogenicity of this virus is very low. At the same time, it is impossible to completely remove it from the body. Modern drugs can temporarily suspend their activities. The purpose of treatment is to eliminate aesthetic problems, that is, to eliminate growth. In the future, treatments will be given to enhance the defenses of the immune system. Drugs to suppress papillomatosis must be prescribed.

Human papillomavirus 4

Another common form of viral disease. Appears as heels and common warts. As the growth progresses, they darken and acquire a rough surface. In some cases, a smaller formation will form around a large wart.

The patient complained of itching, burning and pain in the affected area. HPV 4 also promotes the formation of calluses and calluses on the soles of the feet.

This genotype does not bring the risk of malignant transformation. For treatment, surgical removal of growths is used together with further immunotherapy of the patient.

Human papillomavirus 5

Responsible for the development of different types of growth. Papillomavirus 5 most often causes the appearance of warts or verrucous epidermal hyperplasia. This disease is rare and manifests as a large accumulation of warts. The pathological condition develops in youth and continues throughout life. According to statistics, women are more likely to get sick than men.

Verrucous epidermal hyperplasia (EVL) is essentially the unique susceptibility of the epidermis to papillomavirus infection. In this case, HPV 5 is highly carcinogenic, which means that the skin has a higher risk of degenerating into squamous cell carcinoma.

Typical symptoms of epidermal hyperplasia:

• Small, verrucous growths merge into large lesions as they grow.
• The rash appears on the face, back, neck, abdomen and even buttocks.
• When the skin is damaged, a linear wart-like structure appears at the wound site.
• On the body and limbs, the growth is larger and denser than on the face and neck.

Human papillomavirus 6

The sixth type of HPV is diagnosed as middle-aged and elderly people. The vegetation is pink or flesh-colored and resembles cauliflower in shape. This type of papillomavirus is included in the low carcinogenic infection group and increases the risk of such diseases:

• Genital warts (cons).
• Laryngeal papillomatosis.
• Non-syndromic genital disease.
• Conjunctival papilloma.

Treatment includes antiviral and recovery treatment, and surgical removal of the tumor. Pay special attention to preventive measures: personal hygiene, balanced nutrition, and enhanced immunity.

Human papillomavirus 7

As a result of HPV 7 infection, so-called meat but or meat cher appears on the skin. They represent painless, light brown growths and are most commonly found on the elbows and shoulders.

Meat is often exposed to raw meat people will have meat war. The infection enters the skin through smaller lesions. It grows on the elbows and hands, in a bulging, painless form.

Human papillomavirus 11

Papillomavirus type 11 is most commonly diagnosed in women and manifests as genital warts. The pathological process involves skin and mucous membranes. The HPV has low carcinogenicity, that is, it is not prone to malignancy.

Men and women who engage in sexual activities and often change their sexual partners are at risk of developing this disease. Other genital infections can also cause infections. When infected by genome 11, the pathogen is integrated into the human chromosome, thereby infecting the carrier's daughter cells.

The main symptoms of the disease are:

• One or more rashes.
• The growth of women appears on the labia, cervix, clitoris, and urethra.
• In men, tumors appear on the penis, scrotum, frenuled head and body.
• In men and women, papillomas have adjacent locations: anus, perineum, oropharynx, bladder, perianal area.

It is not difficult to diagnose according to the type of casting structure. It is impossible to completely destroy the virus, but there are many treatments that can inhibit its activity. For this, special drugs are used. Cryotherapy, laser therapy and other surgical techniques can be used to remove skin changes.

The prevention of HPV 11 infection is based on adherence to the barrier method of contraception to prevent infection during sexual intercourse. It is also recommended to strengthen the immune system to enhance its protective properties.

Human papillomavirus 12

Under the action of certain factors, HPV 12 can manifest as warty or verrucous epidermal hyperplasia. This pathological condition is also called Lewandowski-Lutz disease. It refers to genetic diseases.

Papillomavirus 12 requires a full diagnosis. This is because the diseases it causes may lead to serious dermatological defects and serious complications. In 1/4 of patients, the affected tissue was observed to transform into squamous cell carcinoma.

Human papillomavirus 16

HPV 16 (Human Papillomavirus) is one of the most common papillomaviruses, diagnosed in 60% of people. This type of infection is carcinogenic and causes the following diseases:

• Non-syndromic genital disease.
• Genital cancer.
• Neck, tongue cancer.

After infection, the virus is incorporated into the DNA region of healthy cells, thereby destroying the body's natural anti-tumor immunity. According to statistics, in 42% of cases, the 16th genotype is the main cause of cervical cancer.

Human papillomavirus 18

Papillomatosis is one of the most common genitourinary tract viral infections. Type 18 of this infection is related to HPV 16 and other diseases: cervical dysplasia, cervical cancer. It is highly carcinogenic. Embedding in the human genome will cause benign growth and gradually degenerate into cancer. In 70% of cases, HPV 18 is detected in women with uterine cancer.

Only after a comprehensive diagnosis and determination of the possibility of tumor malignancy can be treated. Treatment includes surgical removal of growths, 2-3 courses of antiviral and immune stimulating drugs. At the same time, the following facts should be taken into consideration: no drug can completely neutralize the 18th genotype of papillomavirus.

Human papillomavirus 21

Another type of infection that causes verrucous epidermal hyperplasia is HPV21. At the same time, it is a low carcinogenic virus. It most often manifests as anogenital warts and laryngeal papillomatosis.

Since the infection does not penetrate into the blood but only affects the skin, for diagnosis, a method of scraping the epidermis and smearing from the mucous membrane is used. A comprehensive treatment designed to eliminate skin defects and enhance immunity.

Human papillomavirus 31

So far, there are more than one hundred papillomaviruses known, among which are carcinogenic, that is, those viruses that can cause malignant processes in the body. HPV 31 refers to a moderately carcinogenic infection. Under the influence of certain factors, it can cause oncological damage.

31 genotypes are related to the following diseases:

• The severity of the tumor is Grade 2 and Grade 3.
• Dysplasia and cervical cancer.
• Penile cancer.
• Anal cancer.
• Mouth and throat cancer.
• Bowen's disease.
• Keira's erythema.
• Dental complications.

Infections most often occur during unprotected sexual intercourse and pose the same risk to both men and women. The virus may become infected when it comes into contact with open wounds or when it is transmitted from mother to child during childbirth.

Human papillomavirus 33

This type of HPV is most often diagnosed in women because it can lead to the development of this type of disease:

• Non-syndromic genital disease.
• Genital cancer.
• Cervical dysplasia.
• Cervical cancer.

Pathological conditions are considered to be man-made, and infections only occur from person to person. Two to four months after HPV 33 enters the human body, genital warts begin to form on the genitals, accompanied by painful symptoms.

Human papillomavirus 35

Due to the development of malignant processes in the body, infection with this HPV is dangerous. Both men and women can be diagnosed with type 35, but only the latter causes serious problems.

Conjugous lesions in the perineum, external genitalia, anus, and oral cavity (base of tongue, inside of cheek) show infection. Infection can cause abnormal cervical development and cancer.

Cure HPV 35 is not easy, so special attention should be paid to preventive measures: protective sex, healthy lifestyle, strengthening the immune system and so on. In the case of infection, treatment includes a series of techniques aimed at eliminating skin defects and inhibiting the activity of papillomatosis.

Human papillomavirus 39

This genotype will cause healthy tissues to degenerate into malignant tissues, thus posing a serious threat and threat to life. Women are most sensitive to HPV 39 because it causes damage to internal reproductive organs. Infection can cause developmental abnormalities and cervical cancer.

The infection may not manifest itself in any way for a long time, feeding on healthy tissue and increasing in size.

• The external symptoms of infection are skin growth on the lining of the vagina and the cervical mucosa in the cervical area.
• Less commonly, form tumors form in the external genitalia and near the exit of the urethra or near the anus.
• Tumors appear as single or multiple growths that resemble broccoli outwards.

Human papillomavirus 44

From an oncology point of view, type 44 HPV poses no danger. In this case, the infection of this infection manifests itself as genital warts and genital warts on the cervix and other vital organs.

The treatment of skin growth is performed to eliminate aesthetic discomfort, that is, to remove tumors. In addition, all patients need to take a course of antiviral drugs and immunostimulants to suppress the infection of papilloma in the body.

Human papillomavirus 45

Another representative of the oncogenic papillomavirus group with a high risk of degeneration is type 45. The infection is characterized by the following manifestations:

• Genital warts.
• Intestinal powdery papulosis.
• Genital warts.
• Dysplasia and cervical cancer.

Infection occurs during unprotected sex. A person is a carrier of the virus, although he may not know it. In women, the infection manifests as a wart-like growth on the genitals. Pathology is very dangerous to the female body and requires serious treatment. It may take more than 20 years from the beginning of infection to the development of malignant tumors caused by HPV 45.

During the diagnosis process, PCR, dygen test, gastroscopy, biopsy and cytology studies are performed to identify the pathogenic genotype. Treatment depends on the stage of the disease.

Human papillomavirus 51

This type of HPV is an anogenital infection with a moderate risk of cancer. Infections are mainly carried out through sexual contact and can cause the following problems:

• Dysplasia and cervical cancer.
• Oncological lesions of the female anus, vulva, or vagina.
• Malignant tumors in the male anus and penis.
• Genital warts.
• Giant genital warts Buschke-Levenshtein.

To diagnose HPV, urogenital smears need to be performed on 51 patients. With its help, clinical confirmation of in vivo infection, genotyping and evaluation of malignant tumors were carried out.

There is no specially formulated medicine to treat this type of infection. The therapy aims to prevent malignant transformation and mobilize the body's anti-tumor immunity.

Human papillomavirus 52

According to medical statistics, HPV 52 has been found in 70% of women over the age of 35. Infections most often occur during unprotected sex. The painful condition is associated with the following pathologies:

• Condyloma acuminata and condyloma acuminata.
• Male colon cancer.
• Dysplasia and cervical cancer.

It is impossible to completely cure the virus, but through early diagnosis and appropriate treatment, cells can be protected from destruction and malignant tumors. For this reason, surgery is required to remove growths, antiviral treatments, and medications to strengthen the immune system.

Human papillomavirus 53

It is possible to contract HPV 53 by contacting the mucous membranes or skin cells of an infected person. This genotype has low carcinogenicity, so it does not bring the risk of malignant transformation.

After infection, the virus can stay dormant for a long time. The role of various factors, for example, the weakening of the protective function of the immune system can lead to its activation. As a result, epidermal cells begin to divide actively, forming verrucous tumors and genital warts.

Treatments to reduce papillomavirus type 53 can eliminate skin growth, take antiviral drugs and enhance immunity.

Human papillomavirus 56

One type of human papillomavirus infection is HPV56. This type is characterized by high carcinogenicity and is associated with the following pathologies:

• Non-syndromic genital disease.
• Dysplasia and cervical cancer.
• Genital mucosal cancer.

The virus is dangerous for both men and women, causing genital warts and other tumors. During unprotected sex or through an open wound injury of the epidermis, the infection can penetrate the body through the mucous membrane.

HPV 56 requires complex treatment. Treatment includes taking antiviral drugs, surgical removal of growths and strengthening the immune system. Pay special attention to preventive measures to protect the body from infection.

Human papillomavirus 58

The viral pathogen from the average risk category of malignant transformation is type 58. The infection is included in the alpha group, that is, it causes the following diseases:

• Non-syndromic genital disease.
• A protrusion on the inner surface of the anus.
• Dysplasia and cervical cancer.

After being introduced into the human body, it causes the appearance of small growths and has a dense and soft structure. Depending on the location, they can be light pink or brown. This genotype is usually expressed in the neck, armpits, intestines, external and internal genitalia, and bladder.

The risk of infection is due to the underlying course of the infection process. Because pathogens can sleep for a long time. Timely diagnosis and comprehensive treatment can prevent complications of type 58 human papillomavirus.

Human Papillomavirus 59

HPV 59 genotype refers to an oncogenic virus. Under the action of certain factors, it may cause damage to the cervix and uterine epithelial tissues, thereby triggering a precancerous state. Infection with this pathogen occurs under unprotected anal or vaginal contact, and rarely occurs during oral sex.

Usually, the infection does not show up for a long time. But the growth of the skin and the appearance of warts indicate that it is activated. Genital warts form on the external genital organs and their mucous membranes.

In order to diagnose pain conditions, viral DNA and PCR analysis were performed. Treatment involves taking antiviral drugs to suppress the infection.

Human papillomavirus 66

Very often, the appearance of warts and papillomas is related to papillomavirus type 66 infection. In this case, the most inappropriate locations for skin growth are: armpits, perianal and periorbital areas, perineum, and genital mucosa.

Usually, after infection, the infection stays dormant for a long time. But under the influence of certain factors, it was activated. These factors include:

• Weaken the defenses of the immune system.
• Unbalanced diet.
• bad habits.
• Frequent changes in sexual partners and unprotected intercourse.
• Failure to comply with personal hygiene rules.
• Frequent abortions and so on.

The treatment of HPV 66 aims to eliminate skin growth and eliminate factors that cause the spread of infection. Antiviral therapy and vitamins can enhance immunity. Preventive measures include vaccination, timely treatment of any disease and a healthy lifestyle.

Human papillomavirus 67

According to research conducted, type 67 HPV is a virus and has an average tumor degeneration status. In other words, in some cases, this genotype of infection may cause pre-cancerous conditions.

The infection can penetrate the mucous membranes and damaged skin. The infection is manifested by the growth of papilloma on the body. Growths may also form on the mucous membrane of the cervix.

Human papillomavirus 68

68 HPV genotype has low carcinogenicity and is manifested by skin growth in various parts. The widespread spread of defects and their frequent injuries are dangerous. Because at this stage, viral DNA replaces healthy cells, thereby changing their structure. If the problem does not receive medical attention, then the active progression of papillomavirus type 68 can lead to cancer.